Research advances in coronavirus disease 2019 - related liver injury.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID - 19) pandemic has brought great threats and challenges to global public health and has changed the priorities of medical resource allocation. A considerable proportion of patients with liver injury is observed during the clinical diagnosis and treatment of COVID -19, especially in those with a severe or critical illness. This article summarizes the epidemiology, mechanism, clinical features, and treatment of liver injury caused by COVID -19, in order to help clinicians with decision making and treatment optimization.Copyright © 2022 Editorial Board of Jilin University. All Rights Reserved.

The Failure to Establish Herd Immunity Against SARSCoV-2

The current COVID-19 pandemic is undoubtedly one of the most severe global healthcare crises in the 21st century. The traditional view on terminating a pandemic is establishing herd immunity via natural infections or vaccinations. However, this strategy might not be appropriate against SARS-CoV-2 due to many uncontrollable factors. This review has summarised several newest primary research and clinical studies to evaluate the reasons behind the failure of establishing this indirect protection with some alternative insights regarding future disease control. The review has found that variables such as the duration of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2, vaccines' ability to cut off the transmission, and the continuous emergence of immune evasive variants are vital contributors to the failed herd immunity establishment. Therefore, the overdependence on vaccination during the pandemic will not only waste valuable time and resources on disease containment but also creates this false illusion which dampens the public's alertness to the disease and amplifies the pandemic's impacts on world healthcare systems and economics. As a result, the traditional disease control policies, such as lockdown and quarantines, are as vital as vaccination for future infectious disease containment and pandemic management. It is the combination of both strategies that contribute to the establishment of herd immunity and pandemic termination. © 2023 SPIE.

Parallel Emergency Management of Incidents by Integrating OODA and PREA Loops: The C2 Mechanism and Modes

Given the differences of command and control (C2) activities between the field command center and the emergency operations center (EOC), this article combined the edge C2 theory with the parallel C2 theory, and proposed a parallel incident C2 mode based on the observe–orient–decide–act (OODA) loop and planning–readiness–execution–assessment (PREA) loop. The aim is to build up a PREA loop-based parallel incident C2 mode and its related operating mechanism of edge empowerment and energy release in parallel incident C2 mode. The parallel incident C2 mode based on the PREA loop and OODA loop supports the co-existence and connection of the two roles of the incident C2 agent at the emergency scene. The two roles are the executive role of emergency response and operation and the command and organization role of the edge emergency system. This article initiates a deep integration of two different C2 process mechanisms in the emergency response and operation process, taking into account the local emergency scene and the global emergency system. Taken together, a key issue has been well addressed regarding the contradiction that the traditional emergency response cannot be reconciled in terms of rapidity and thoroughness. Author

The spillovers among cryptocurrency, clean energy and oil

The COVID-19 causes strong spillover effects between financial markets. This paper explores the dynamic spillover effects among cryptocurrency, clean energy and oil during the COVID-19 by employing TVP-VAR extended joint connectedness approach. The empirical results show that clean energy and oil markets appear to be the net receivers of spillovers, whereas cryptocurrency market appears to be a net transmitter of spillovers. The dynamic total connectedness experiences a rapid increase in March 2020 when the COVID-19 spreads around the world. © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Traditional Chinese medicine: an important broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus treatment strategy on COVID-19 background?

Coronaviruses exist widely in nature, can cause cross-species transmission, and pose serious threats to human and animal health. Over the past 20 years, coronaviruses have led to three major epidemics that have caused global panic, including severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease-19. At present, coronavirus disease-19 not only spreads rapidly, but also mutates easily to escape host immune response, becoming more pathogenic. At present, there are no effective specific therapeutic drugs or vaccines. Drugs targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the host cell defense system that have been developed based on the structure and replication cycle of coronaviruses have a certain broad-spectrum antiviral effect;however, their efficacy still needs to be demonstrated in further clinical trials. Traditional Chinese medicine has an indispensable role in the ongoing response to coronavirus disease-19. Anti-virus treatment with traditional Chinese medicine has advantages such as broad-spectrum application, low toxicity and side effects, low susceptibility to drug resistance, and overall comprehensive regulation. Therefore, researches on effective components and mechanisms of action of the anti-viral effects of traditional Chinese medicine have increasingly gained attention. The present paper examines coronaviruses, specifically summarizing the genomes, replication mechanisms, and mutant strains. Afterward, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of modern broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus drugs and traditional Chinese medicine are summarized. By considering the virus and the targets in the host comprehensively, in addition to the beneficial multi-target and multi-path antiviral effects of traditional Chinese medicines, this paper could guide the development of treatment strategies for broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus traditional Chinese medicines, and could facilitate the modernization and globalization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Study on fire simulation and evacuation of teaching building

With the outbreak of COVID-19, the phenomenon of crowds has attracted much attention. To study the impact of fire on evacuation density of teaching building under epidemic situation, a university teaching building was simulated by FDS. The influence of smoke exhaust window opening on fire development was studied by analyzing the law of smoke, temperature and CO concentration, and the allowable evacuation time ASET of teaching building was obtained. Evacuation simulation using Pathfinder determines the required evacuation time RSET and analyzes congestion points, making evacuation improvements from two aspects: reducing the proportion of people and planning evacuation. The results show that CO concentration is an important factor affecting the ASET of teaching buildings, and it can extend the ASET of teaching buildings when the top smoke exhaust window is open;The evacuation congestion points of teaching buildings are mostly concentrated in the classroom exit, the east corner of the passage, the corner of the stair platform and the corner of the west exit. Although reducing the proportion of people can achieve safe evacuation, it can not meet the needs of the evacuation density under the epidemic situation. Through further evacuation planning, it can not only meet the requirements of safe evacuation, but also reduce the evacuation density, which provides a reference for the safe evacuation of teaching buildings under the epidemic situation. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the is permitted for personal use only.

Nonlinear regression in COVID-19 forecasting

This paper introduces some kinds of nonlinear growth curves for forecasting cumulative COVID-19 patients. It is shown that the Richards curve is reasonable and flexible in this COVID-19 forecasting. The nonlinear growth curve regression model is established for forecasting cumulative COVID-19 patients and the parameter estimation approach for the model is also given. Specifically, the COVID-19 situation forecasting in China is made well which includes forecasting based on consecutive and piecewise time fitting. It provides a good basis for the future work. © 2021, Science China Press. All right reserved.

Image Segmentation of Throat Swab Sampling Based on Mask R-CNN

This study aims to provide a feasibility bask for image processing for automatic throat swab robot sampling. For target segmentation and identification in the oral environment, we use a robust instance segmentation algorithm Mask R-CNN. In order to solve the insufficiency of the data used, we use data augmentation methods based on the original data to increase the available effective data. Experiments have proved that good results have been achieved for the segmentation of the throat swab and the posterior pharyngeal wall.

Expert recommendation on medical nutrition support of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in elderly patients

Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) is a class B infectious disease, with a high proportion of elderly patients, and the prognosis of elderly patients is poor. Most of the elderly patients have the characteristics of coexistence of multiple chronic diseases, poor organ reserve capacity, and low immunity. Once they are infected, the nutritional problems are more serious, and multiple organ dysfunction is more likely to be induced. Medical nutrition support is the basic treatment for the elderly patients with COVID-19. According to the nutritional status, organ function, metabolic capacity and underlying diseases, individualized nutritional treatment plan should be designed for precise treatment so as to improve the cure rate and reduce mortality. Nutritional treatment is one of the comprehensive treatment methods for COVID-19, which is quite important in elderly patients and should be paid enough attention. © 2020 Chinese Medical Association

Research on Service Innovation of Distance Education Platform under the Background of Coronavirus : - Case Study Based on Tencent Classroom

Nowadays, distance education is becoming more and more important as a way of recharging learning. Tencent Classroom is based on online education and is the leading online education platform in China. This paper takes Tencent Classroom as an example to analyze the service innovation of distance education platform under the background of coronavirus. It is found that though it has made brilliant achievements, Tencent Classroom still face some problems, such as the week profitability of the courses, relatively low specialization level, and the lack of humanization in client interaction. According to these problems, the innovation profit model, the implementation of 'expert program', the improvement of the specialization and the client interaction from the perspective of the users are future service innovation strategies for Tencent Classroom. In the 5G era, artificial intelligence and big data are also necessary for Tencent Classroom. © 2020 IEEE.

Can Yin-Chai-Xiao-Du decoction be useful of COVID-19? the mechanism research based on network pharmacology

Background: In this study, we preliminarily investigated the mechanism of Yin-Chai-Xiao-Du decoction for the treatment of COVID-19 by the method of network pharmacology. Methods: The potential targets and pathways of Yin-Chai-Xiao-Du decoction for the treatment of COVID-19 were examined using network pharmacology;the ingredient and active targets of Yin-Chai-Xiao-Du decoction were collected from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform and PharmMapper databases;the COVID-19-related targets were obtained from the online Mendelian inheritance in man, GeneCards, and GeneMANIA databases;the STRING database and Cytoscape were used to build a protein-protein interaction network, and a Network Analyzer tool was used to perform topology analysis to screen for the key ingredients and targets;the ClueGO and KOBAS 3.0 databases were for the enrichment analysis of gene function (Gene Oncology) and gene pathway (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes);the herb-ingredient-target-pathway network diagram was constructed by Cytoscape. Results: The core herbs screened by the network pharmacological analysis were Jinyinhua (Lonicerae japonicae flos), Lianqiao (Forsythia suspensa), Chaihu (Bupleuri radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae radix), Yinchen (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Guanghuoxiang (Pogostemonis herba), Roudoukou (Semen myristicae) and Qinghao (Artemisiae annuae herba). A total of 293 active ingredients were screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, and the key ingredients were quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, and luteolin. Yin-Chai-Xiao-Du decoction has 138 COVID-19-related targets, and the key targets were mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and CC motif ligand 2. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed 120 enriched gene pathways, and the key pathways were signaling by interleukins, immune system, cytokine signaling in the immune system, and the signaling pathways of interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, and relaxin. Conclusion: The core herbs of Yin-Chai-Xiao-Du decoction are Jinyinhua (Lonicerae japonicae flos), Lianqiao (Forsythia suspensa), Chaihu (Bupleuri radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae radix), Yinchen (Herba Artemisiae Scopariae), Guanghuoxiang (Pogostemonis herba), Roudoukou (Semen myristicae) and Qinghao (Artemisiae annuae herba). The key ingredients are quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, stigmasterol, and beta-sitosterol;the critical targets are luteolin, interleukin-6, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3, tumor necrosis factor, and CC motif ligand 2;and the core signaling pathways are those mediated by interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, and relaxin.